Dec. 18, 2025
A renowned expert in Chinese and East Asian Buddhism, Jiang Wu made his reputation in the field by going beyond textual and historic analysis to use big data methods to search for new insights.
It’s an approach he started in graduate school, using GIS and spatial mapping long before the term digital humanities arose, and continued throughout his career, bringing advanced digital analysis to bear in asking new questions of ancient texts.
In recognition of the wide-ranging impact of his career, including a Gugenheim fellowship in 2023, the Arizona Board of Regents in April designated Wu a Regents Professor, the highest faculty rank at the University of Arizona and the first to be awarded in the Department of East Asian Studies.
“I’m not a Buddhist or a religious person, but I’ve absorbed lots of ideas of religion,” he said. “You learn something but you want to go beyond and see the next step. You’ve already mastered a certain field or your research topic, but what happens next? I’ve been spending time thinking about what’s going to be next, so that leads to the application of advanced technology. I want to see how these tools can bring me to the next level.”
Wu, founding director of the Center for Buddhist Studies, said he’s always operated on the idea that the same texts can offer lots of information depending on how you look at them, especially for those who know their sources very well.
“In my career, I always do something a little bit unconventional,” he said. “I look at the sources that I think have a potential to transform into data and think about the nature of the data. That’s a different way of interpreting your text.”
Wu was originally drawn to Buddhism after starting out as an undergraduate philosophy major.
“The initial motivation was always to learn more about the wisdom that religion can provide and how to apply that to my life and other people’s lives. The more you study, getting into deeper thinking, you get lots of transcendental questions and that leads you deeper into religion. The kind of religion I was drawn to when I was young was Zen Buddhism. Suddenly, Zen sets you free, and I was drawn to that idea,” he said. “So I kept learning and studying philosophy and religion and then the history of the different time periods that shaped the transformation of Buddhism, and its traditions, from India to central Asia and to China, Japan and Korea.”
Wu arrived in Boston from China in 1996 and after earning his doctorate at Harvard in 2002, was hired by the University of Arizona, arriving in Tucson with the feeling that it was a different country.
“It’s a quiet place and during the years, the university provided all kinds of resources so I could concentrate on my research. You can do mediocre work, even if you’re a professor. But I wanted to do something extraordinary,” he said. “I always wanted to be a leader, in the field, in my research, to propose new ideas, create new data. Nobody can expect what happens 23 years later, but over the years you can see the trajectory. So it’s really a fulfilling moment.”
In his 23 years at the university, the Department of East Asian Studies has grown tremendously, especially in the past 12 to 15 years after Albert Welter was hired as department head.
“We are able to attract students because of our research expertise, especially in Buddhist studies,” he said. “We’re keeping a pretty big graduate program in the department and we have students finishing and finding good jobs. That raises our reputation tremendously because they are holding important faculty positions.”
Wu’s research focuses on how the religion spread and how it has changed and been refined over many centuries. His first book Enlightenment in Dispute: The Reinvention of Chan Buddhism in Seventeenth-century China, published in 2008, presented a complete re-evaluation of the importance and popularity of 17th century Buddhism in China and has become foundational in the field.
“When I do research, I want to bring this from the narrow field of China studies or religious studies to think about how I can draw some general rules or principles,” he said.
In 2016, his second book dealt with the spread of Buddhism across Asia led by Chinese monks traveling to Japan specifically for the purpose of spreading Zen Buddhism to Kyoto in 1654, and it won the Tianzu Best Book Award in Chan Studies. To augment his studies, he created the Buddhist Geographic Information System a comprehensive database of every Buddhist monastery in China.
Among Wu’s current projects is the Regional Religious System, which aims to provide a new perspective to old questions of regionalism and localism in Chinese history, using historical GIS and spatial analysis to consider how religion influenced regional development. In that and similar projects, Wu has been contacted by economic historians asking about his data, which points toward new opportunities.
“That gave me some kind of motivation to start thinking about how we can join that kind of research team and look at religious data and how that contributes to other fields. The million dollar question is how institutional transformation contribute to evolutions in human history and societies,” he said. “The formation of a religious system can contribute to societal change in general and if we do diligent work, we can find more data and invent a methodology to adopt more sophisticated analysis.”